Friday, June 10, 2011

Top Ten Chocolate Manufacturers Worldwide

The Top Ten chocolate manufacturers worldwide based on revenues according to a ranking made in 2006 by Datamonitor ComputerWire website. Without further adieu, the Top Ten chocolate manufacturers worldwide are:

1. Mars, Inc. - with revenues totaling to US$10, 418.3 million, Mars, Inc. has topped the list. This company is a world-wide manufacturer of chocolates as well as other confectionery, pet food and other food products. Their most popular chocolate products include Snickers, Mars Bar, Milky Way, M&Ms, and Twix among many others.

2. Nestlé USA - revenue total is US$7, 261.3 million. Nestle is a multinational company that manufactures packaged food since the early 1900s. Their products include chocolate, milk, confectionery, bottled water, coffee, ice cream, food seasoning and pet foods. Their most popular chocolate products include Baby Ruth, Butterfinger, Kit Kat, Milky Bar, Matchmakers, Nestlé Crunch, Oh Henry, and the Wonka Bars.

3. Ferrero SpA - revenue total is US$5, 269.6 million. Ferrero SpA is owned by the Italian family Ferrero that manufactures chocolate and other confectionery products founded by Pietro Ferrero in 1946. Their most famous chocolate products include Nutella, Ferrero Rocher, Mon Cheri, and Giotto among others.

4. Cadbury Schweppes Plc - revenue total is US$3, 868.2 million. Cadbury Schweppes plc is considered to be the largest confectionery manufacturer in the world which also produces beverage. It's most popular chocolate products are Cadbury, Fry's and Green & Black's.

5. The Hershey Company - revenue total is US$3, 708.2 million. The Hershey Company is the largest manufacturer of chocolates in North America and based in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Hershey's is considered to be the Great American chocolate because it has been around since 1894. Popular Hershey's chocolate bars include the Hershey's Milk Chocolate, Hershey's Special Dark and Hershey's Cookies & Cream.

6. Barry Callebaut AG - revenue total is US$2, 911.4 million. Barry Callebeaut is considered to be the world's leading manufacturer of high quality cocoa & chocolate and which is based in Zurich, Switzerland. It produces chocolate for consumers, for food manufacturers and chefs. Its most popular gourmet chocolates brand includes Sarotti in Germany, Jacques in Belgium and Alprose in Switzerland.

7. Kraft Foods, Inc. - revenue total is US$2, 875.1 million. Kraft Foods, Inc. is considered to be the second largest food and beverage company in North America. This company is now a merger of different food companies that include The Philip Morris Company (now Altria Group), Nabisco and Kraft. Their chocolate products include Toblerone and Oreo.

8. Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli AG - revenue total is US$2, 062.5 million. This chocolate manufacturer, commonly known as Lindt is a Swiss premium & confectionery company founded in 1845. Lindt & Sprüngli's popular chocolates include the Lindor which is a hard chocolate shell with a smooth chocolate filling and comes with colored wrappers; Mint Intense, Toffee crunch, and Madagascar among many others.

9. Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. - revenue total is US$ 702.2 million. Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. Is a Japanese confectionery and pharmaceutical company that produces the popular chocolate products Hello Panda and Yan Yan.

10. Russell Stover Candies Inc. - revenue total is US$ 509 million. Russell Stover Candies Inc. is a candy, chocolate and confections supplier in the United States which can be found in Kansas City, Missouri. Russel Stover's most famous products include mint chocolates and dark chocolates.

Wherever on the planet you might live, you are sure to have a favorite gourmet chocolate made by one of these Top Ten chocolate manufacturers. If you are lucky enough to travel, you might even have the great opportunity to sample some of these unique varieties of chocolate candy.


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Radford Electronics

Radford amplifiers

Below is a (incomplete) list of Radford designs in an attempt at chronological order. The prefix STA indicates a stereo amplifier. The prefix MA indicates a mono amplifier. The number indicates the nominal power rating.

Original Radford amplifiers:

Model

Information

STA12

(1960) Used EL34 output tube and EF86 with ECF82 driver tubes. The rectifier was a GZ34. Produced just over 12 Watts per channel and based on a Mullard 5/20 with good output transformers and some careful LF and HF phase compensation to keep the unit stable.

MA15

power Amplifier. Single channel version of the STA12 with slightly higher power output.

STA7

(1960) Very rare dual channel amplifier giving about 8 Watts from a pair of push-pull ECL86.

STA15 mk2

(1962) As above but output = 15 wpc

STA15 series 3

(1962) Uses EF86 input valve, ECF82 phase splitter/driver and 2 EL34s per channel. A single GZ34 provides rectification for both channels.

STA25 series 3

(1965) The first stereo version of the MA25 gave a conservative 25w per channel from EL34 output tubes and EF68 with ECF82 driver tubes. This amp is sometimes confused with the STA15. It can be identified by its manual bias adjustment and solid state rectifier both of which are not present on the STA15.

ISTA60

60wpc.

STA100

driver tubes were ECC88 and EF184. A solid state rectifier was used.

MA15

(1961) First monoblock, valve line up = EF86 ECC83 EL34X2 EZ81 rectifier

MA15 Series 3

(~1961) As above but uses EF86 ECF82 GZ34 Valve rectifier.

MA25

(1962) Valves used = EF86, ECF82, EL34X2, Diode bridge rectifier.

MA25 mk3

(1962) As above.

K25

A modified version of the MA25 for use with a BBC monitor loudspeaker manufactured by KEF. It featured a frequency shaping network, to flatten the response of the speaker, and a balanced input.

Radford pre-amplifiers/control units

DSM(~1961) Beautifully made control unit with 3 EF86 and 1 ECC83 per channel, a lot of electronics in a very small box.

SC2 A pre-amplifier with passive tone control system.

SC3 A three channel version of the SC2.The third derived channel was for a separate centre loudspeaker.

SC22 Feedback controlled tone controls, transistor disc stage and selective frequency RIAA equalisation network. There was also a switchable feedback rumble filter incorporated around the valve stage.

SC22p As SC22 with power supply.

Radford "Zero distortion" (distortion below circuit noise level) transistor amplifiers

ZD50 & ZD100 stereo power amplifier

ZD22 preamplifier

HD250 stereo integrated amplifier

Later Radford hybrid valve & transistor amplifiers

TT100 stereo power ampliier

Woodside Electronics amplifiers

STA25 renaissance

STA35 renaissance

STA50 renaissance (2004)

2009 Radford amplifiers

STA25 mk6

STA15 MK3 and SC22 preamp

A glowing example of a STA15 MK3

A Radford STA15 MK3 amplifier with its top cover removed

Radford loudspeakers

Radford also manufactured loudspeakers, tuners and other audio gear. An (incomplete) list of these is below:

Bookshelf

Tristar T90

Studio S90

Monitor M180

Studio S270

Studio S360

Monitor 90

Radford Tuners

FMT1

FMT2

FMT3

FMT4

FMT5 prototype produced, but never manufactured

Radford CD-Players

???

Radford Lab power supples (specifications approximate)

Model ?? 0-24V output switchable in 0.2V increments @ 2.0A and 240V @ 100mA

Model ?? Continuously variable 0-24V output with current limit variable up to 2.0A

Radford test gear

Arthur Radford was designing such high specification amplifiers for the time period that he was having problems measuring their performance due to limitations of the test gear. Radford set about designing new ultra-linear measurement and test tools to solve this problem.

Model

Information

DMS Series 3

LF Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) analyzer, to 0.003%, 10Hz-50k, 1mV-50v, portable.

LDO series 3

Low Distortion Oscillator. The instrument harmonic distortions are about 120 dB below the fundamental.

See also

Valve audio amplifier

Valve sound

External links

Radford Electronics Ltd

The Arthur Radford Appreciation Society

Yahoo Groups Radford Forum

Categories: Audio equipment manufacturers | Sound amplifier manufacturers | Loudspeaker manufacturersHidden categories: Orphaned articles from February 2009 | All orphaned articles | Articles needing cleanup from January 2007 | All pages needing cleanup

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The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles Season 1-3 22 dvd boxset


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Cheetos

Manufacturing

Main article: Cheese puffs

Cheetos are manufactured by blending corn and water. The mixture is heated under pressure, then extruded through a die. The texture of the snack is caused by contact with hot air, which causes steam in the mixture to expand, creating a bread-like snack. The traditional Crunchy Cheetos are fried. Puffs, Paws, Twists, Balls, and Whirls varieties are oven-dried. The snack is then tumbled with the desired flavor.

Cheetos mascot

Main article: Chester Cheetah

The Cheetos mascot is an anthropomorphic cartoon cheetah named Chester Cheetah. Chester Cheetah first appeared in television commercials in 1986 as an animated cartoon character. After Chester's introduction, the sly, smooth voiced cheetah began starring in more commercials and eventually became Cheetos official mascot. He used the slogan "It ain't easy bein' cheesy." in the late 1980s/early 1990s, then he cheese that goes crunch! until 1996, when it became angerously cheesy! In the 2000s, Chester Cheetah became rendered as a computer generated character in the United States, while he continues to appear in his old animation style in other countries.

As of 2007, Cheetos has taken aim at an adult demographic. In this incarnation, Chester speaks with a mid-Atlantic accent and encourages people to use their Cheetos in acts of revenge or to solve problems.

Two Chester Cheetah videogames, Chester Cheetah: Wild Wild Quest and Chester Cheetah: Too Cool to Fool, were released for home videogame consoles in the 1990s. They appeared on Sega Genesis and the Super Nintendo respectively.

Previous to Chester, Cheetos' mascot was a mouse called the Cheetos Mouse. He debuted in 1971. The Cheetos' Mouse's slogan was "Hail Chee-sar!"

International flavors

Australia

Cheetos Cheese n' Bacon Balls.

Brazil

Cheetos Swiss Cheese Balls

Cheetos Requeijo Waves

Cheetos Parmigiano-Reggiano Moons

China

Turkey Flavor

Strawberry Flavor Puffs

Blueberry Flavor Puffs

Indonesia

Cheetos Net BBQ

Cheetos Net Seaweed

India

Masala Balls

Tangy Tomato

Tomato Twirls

Israel

Kosher, Ketchup Flavor

Peanut Flavor (peanut butter)

Japan

Strawberry Cheetos

Milk Chocolate Cheetos

South Korea

Strawberry Cheetos

BBQ flavored Cheetos

Spicy flavored Cheetos

Spicy Chicken flavored Cheetos Balls

BBQ flavored puffs

Spain

Cheetos Queso (1980's?-)

Turkey

Peanut Butter Cheetos

Steak Cheetos

Ketchup Cheetos

Corn Cheetos

Sweetos Cheetos (November 2009 / cocoa and milk filled)

UK

Cheetos were originally sold by Walkers prior to the purchase of the Wotsits brand from Golden Wonder.

USA

Crunchy Cheetos (1948-present)

Cheetos Puffs (1971-present)

Cheetos Bacon and Cheese Flavor (Crunchy) (early 1980s)

Cheetos Paws (1991-1994)

Cheetos Cheezy Checkers (1995-1999)

Flamin' Hot Cheetos (1998-present)

Crunchy Nacho Cheetos (1996-1998) (still available in eastern Canada)

Cheetos Zig-Zags (1999-2003)

Cheetos X's and O's (2000-2002)

Cheetos Puffs Twists (2003-present)

Cool Ranch Cheetos (begun and discontinued in 2003)

Baked Cheetos (2004-present)

Cheetos Pizza Puffs (begun and discontinued in 2005)

Cheetos Holiday Twists (2005-2006)

Cheddar Jalapeo Cheetos (2005-present)

Flamin' Hot Cheetos con Limon (2005-present)

Flamin' Hot Baked Cheetos (2005-present)

Cheetos Crunchy Twists (2006-present)

Natural Puffs White Cheddar

Cheetos Mighty Zingers (2010)

Cheetos Habanero (2010)

Crunchy Mozarella

Giant Cheetos (2009-)

Cheetos Crunchy Cheesy Enchilada

Flamin' Hot Cheetos Puffs

Pork Enzymes

Some Frito-Lay brand seasoned products, including some flavors of Cheetos, contain pork enzymes in addition to herbs, cheese and other seasonings. Frito-Lay's web site states that they use enzymes from pigs (porcine enzymes) in some of their seasoned snack chip products to develop 'unique flavors'. The presence of pig-derived ingredients makes them haraam for Muslims to eat and un-Kosher for Jews.

Enzymes are proteins that catalyzencrease the rates ofio-chemical reactions in living organisms, whether animal or plant. Though enzymes facilitate chemical reactions on molecules, they themselves are not chemically altered (changed) by these reactions. Nor are they consumed (used up) by the reactions.

See also

Cheezies

Cheez Doodles

Kurkure

Nik Naks

Twisties

Wotsits

References

^ Cheetos information from Frito-Lay[dead link]

^ "Corn, Potato Chip Packaging Big Business in San Antonio", Dallas Morning News, May 22, 1949, Section XVIII, page 8

^ "Trivia - How many different types of Cheetos are there? - ArcaMax Publishing". Arcamax.com. http://www.arcamax.com/trivia/s-92406-222039. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Cheetos Cheese Snacks - The Smith's Snackfood Company". Smiths.com.au. http://www.smiths.com.au/student/cheetos.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Cheetos.com". Cheetos.com. http://www.cheetos.com/. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "[:::] Waffle Whiffer Zone: The Cheetos Mouse". Wafflewhiffer.blogspot.com. 2006-03-31. http://wafflewhiffer.blogspot.com/2006/03/cheetos-mouse.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Cheetos Cheese Snacks - The Smith's Snackfood Company". Smiths.com.au. http://www.smiths.com.au/brands/cheetos.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Cheetos Kafa Ketchup Flavored Corn Snack". Taquitos.net. http://www.taquitos.net/snacks.php?snack_code=3081. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Cheetos - Elite". Strauss-group.com. http://www.strauss-group.com/Cheetos. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Strawberry Flavored Cheetos Seduce Sweet-Loving Snackers". Inventorspot.com. http://inventorspot.com/articles/strawberry_flavored_cheetos_sedu_10230. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Pink Cheetos photo". Kibo. http://www.kibo.com/kibofood/cheetos.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "tlw". Slowwhoop.org. http://www.slowwhoop.org/recipient/tlw/tlw.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Cheetos Now Has A Flavor That Doesn Look Radioactive". The Impulsive Buy. http://www.theimpulsivebuy.com/wordpress/2008/11/02/cheetos-now-has-a-flavor-that-doesnt-look-radioactive/. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Giant Cheetos". Taquitos.net. http://www.taquitos.net/cheese_puffs/Giant_Cheetos. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Cheetos Crunchy Cheesy Enchilada". Taquitos.net. http://www.taquitos.net/cheese_puffs/Cheetos_Crunchy_Cheesy_Enchilada. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

^ "Seasoned Products Made Without Porcine Enzymes". Frito-Lay. 2009-03-25. http://www.fritolay.com/your-health/seasoned-products-made-without-porcine-enzymes.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26. 

External links

Official website

Cheetos Orange Underground website

Official site for Australian Cheetos

Official site for Korean Cheetos

Review of color-changing "Holiday Cheetos"

Cheesus news story

v  d  e

PepsiCo, Incorporated

Corporate Directors:

Indra Nooyi (Chairwoman and CEO)  Robert Allen  Dina Dublon  Victor Dzau  Ray Hunt  Alberto Ibargen  Arthur Martinez  Steven Reinemund  Sharon Rockefeller  James Schiro  Franklin Thomas  Cynthia Trudell  River King

Pepsi-Cola:

Pepsi  Diet Pepsi  Pepsi Max  Jazz Diet Pepsi  Pepsi ONE  Kas  Mountain Dew  Manzanita Sol  Mirinda  Mug Root Beer  Sierra Mist  Slice  AMP Energy  Aquafina  Ethos Water (under license)  Lipton (Brisk  Iced Tea) (under license)  No Fear (under license)  Ocean Spray (under license)  Frappuccino (under license)  Starbucks (under license)  SoBe  Shani

Frito-Lay:

Lay's  Ruffles  Doritos  Tostitos  Fritos  Cheetos  Rold Gold  Funyuns  Sun Chips  Cracker Jack  Munchos  Smartfood  Oberto (distributed)  Hostess  Lay's Stax  Miss Vickie's  Munchies  Walkers (Salt 'n' Shake  Frazzles  Quavers  Monster Munch  Wotsits)  Sabritas  Smith's (Twisties  Burger Rings  Parker's  Nobby's)  Gamesa  Kurkure

Tropicana:

Tropicana  Dole (under license)  Naked  Copella

Quaker Oats:

Quaker Instant Oatmeal  Cap'n Crunch  Life  Quisp  King Vitaman  Oh's  Aunt Jemima  Chewy Granola Bars  Rice-A-Roni  Toddy

Gatorade:

Gatorade  Propel Fitness Water

Annual Revenue: $35.1 billion USD (16% FY 2006)  Employees: 168,000  Stock Symbol: NYSE: PEP  Website: http://www.pepsico.com

Categories: Frito-Lay brands | Smith's Snackfood brands | 1948 introductionsHidden categories: All articles with dead external links | Articles with dead external links from July 2009


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Leather and synthetic leather industry

China Plastics Processing Industry Association Professional Committee of the Secretary-General synthetic leather artificial leather Feng Shu-kwan, "the Second China Hi-tech microfiber synthetic leather industry, synthetic leather and Development Forum and functional market development and technological innovation and exchanges" on the lecture about: artificial leather synthetic leather industry development and industrial safety issues. Proposed:

1. Highly concerned about the financial crisis on the impact of synthetic leather industry.

In the United States sub-prime crisis triggered by the international financial crisis in the process of artificial leather synthetic leather trillion production value this large chain, will inevitably be a considerable impact. Is currently experiencing price chain, from upstream and downstream industry chain fluctuations in demand and the capital market chain and market environment, the impact of chain of four different directions, showing that artificial leather synthetic leather market more crowded, ecology and conservation of resources, the scope and dimensions of the impact of the more come deeper.

Current circumstances: first, the output of a small increase the rate of growth falling significantly. From January to May leather synthetic leather production 618.7 thousand tons, an increase of only 2.48%, the growth rate has come down. The second is to create micro-structure has undergone a slight change in the region. Positive growth are Fujian, Guangdong and other five provinces, including Fujian, 50.3 thousand tons, the annual growth rate of 63.04%, accounting for 8.13% than the previous year's financial crisis, the proportion of 6.2%, an increase of 2 percentage points; a negative growth in the past mainly artificial leather synthetic leather manufacturing large provinces such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities in 12; and third, a quarter of a significant decline in exports in the second quarter fell begin to reduce warming. A quarter of export delivery value of 15.5 billion yuan, up 16.31 percent negative growth in export volume declined 11.32 percent, from the Comparison of the growth rate doubled in contrast with the calendar year. April export delivery value of recovered totaled 2.161 billion yuan, negative growth was reduced by 1.4 percentage points. Export-oriented enterprises have a strong impact, exports were obviously affected by domestic enterprises are faced with rising costs, comparative advantage weakened.

2. Leather synthetic leather industry, the emergence of new adjustments in response to the crisis trends.

First of all is to enhance the ecological quality, development of high-end market. Synthetic leather in the leather industry chain simultaneous development process, the general trend in the direction of the high physical properties, ecology, function-oriented direction. High-end product is technically on the performance of raw materials change, a main ingredient is a synthetic leather materials and additives environmentally friendly development, the second is the function of the development of leather fabric. At present the field of non-woven fabric is an emerging complex technologies as the main support synthetic leather artificial leather material, the proportion of the rise in recent years, different types of ultra-fine fiber material applications for the industry's technological revolution. Artificial Synthetic Leather is the general trend of development: non-woven fabric fine fibrosis, the fabric composite, non-woven fabric of functionality; using differential fiber by the method of finishing leather fabric to give a specific function.

With which to proceed with resource conservation and environmental protection process is accelerated. Our industry, though not "double high", but also some enterprises of cleaner production not in place. At present the industry's environmental protection and resource conservation measures in the recent new breakthrough: the first is the promotion and application of environmentally friendly materials, reduce environmental impacts, development and application of water-based polyurethane, MDF, etc. from the root source of emissions of harmful substances; harmful heavy metals ban; environmental protection The additive, citric acid, soybean oil, plant-based additives to replace petroleum-based additives necessary to ease the production process of organic matter emission concentration and so on.

The second is the production process unorganized VOC emissions, to achieve a breakthrough, we have seen in Wenzhou and Lishui of the enterprises to adopt the windows closed production lines, a reduction of exhaust system, power consumption, consumption of hot air, also resolved the unorganized emissions of VOC recovery should be the industry's progress. Ammonia-nitrogen exceeded third serious problem in the enterprise through a strict nutrient removal technology has completely meet the national drinking water standards, which in two years, especially after the introduction of ammonia-nitrogen limit standards, made an exciting breakthrough, of course, DMF processing technology has been fully up to international standards and so on.

Another regional enterprises with the characteristics of industrial upgrading, restructuring and transfer of industries, artificial leather synthetic leather industry, taking the road of modernization has accelerated the process of ecological synthetic leather industry base is an outward expansion, asset restructuring, 10 billion group, large enterprises are the backbone of the financing.

3. Leather synthetic leather industry to establish security and early warning mechanism.

Enterprises are faced with severe challenges and competition risks, in order to compete in the market manipulation to keep stronger companies, all kinds of risk-averse, support and protection of the advantages of development. Artificial leather synthetic leather industry is a sunrise industry, it is safe industry, thriving industry. But encountered many problems in the middle stage of industrialization, the demand for energy resources, increased significantly only by adhering to save resources, and development of roads, the economy can be sustained and rapid growth; eco-environment-friendly product development efforts, to keep up with consumer those needs.

We must enhance our capability for independent innovation, which is to maintain industrial safety, a fundamental measure to avoid market risks; to strongly support the international competitiveness of multinational corporations; vigorously cultivate strong industry clusters; to increase the ecological nature of environment-friendly synthetic leather artificial leather raw material development and application efforts, and actively taking resource conservation and environmental protection, new technology and new materials, new processes; to actively respond to the changing international environment risks, the use of legal means to safeguard the industry, security and timely implementation of the industrial access system; to establish industrial safety warning mechanism, enhance the anti-risk ability to achieve sustained and healthy development benefit the industry.


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Thursday, June 9, 2011

Piping and instrumentation diagram

Contents and Function

An example of a P&ID.

A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is defined by the Institute of Instrumentation and Control as follows:

A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. The instrument symbols used in these drawings are generally based on Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA) Standard S5. 1.

The primary schematic drawing used for laying out a process control installation.

P&IDs play a significant role in the maintenance and modification of the process that it describes. It is critical to demonstrate the physical sequence of equipment and systems, as well as how these systems connect. During the design stage, the diagram also provides the basis for the development of system control schemes, allowing for further safety and operational investigations, such as the hazard and operability study (HAZOP).

For processing facilities, it is a pictorial representation of

Key piping and instrument details

Control and shutdown schemes

Safety and regulatory requirements and

Basic start up and operational information

List of P&ID items

Instrumentation and designations

Mechanical equipment with names and numbers

All valves and their identifications

Process piping, sizes and identification

Miscellanea - vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers and swagers

Permanent start-up and flush lines

Flow directions

Interconnections references

Control inputs and outputs, interlocks

Interfaces for class changes

Computer control system input

Identification of components and subsystems delivered by others

Identification and Reference Designation

The P&ID is used for the identification of measurements within the process. Identification letters for measurements are based on Standard S5. 1 and ISO 14617-6:

First-Letter

Measurement

D

Density

E

Electricity

F

Flow

H

Hand

J

Power

K

Time, Time Schedule

L

Level

M

Moisture

P

Pressure

Q

Quality

R

Radiation

S

Speed, Frequency

T

Temperature

V

Viscosity

W

Weight

For reference designation of any equipment in industrial systems the standard IEC 61346 (Industrial systems, installations and equipment and industrial products Structuring principles and reference designations) can be applied. For the function Measurement the reference designator B is used, followed by the above listed letter for the measured variable.

For reference designation of any equipment in a power station the KKS Power Plant Classification System can be applied.

Symbols of chemical apparatus and instrumentation

Below are listed some symbols of chemical apparatus and instrumentation normally used in a P&ID, according to DIN 30600 and ISO 14617.

Symbols of chemical apparatus and instrumentation

Pipe

Thermally insulated pipe

Jacketed pipe

Cooled or heated pipe

Jacketed mixing vessel (autoclave)

Half pipe mixing vessel

Pressurized horizontal vessel

Pressurized vertical vessel

Pump

Vacuum pump or compressor

Bag

Gas bottle

Fan

Axial fan

Radial fan

Dryer

Packing column

Tray column

Furnace

Cooling tower

Heat exchanger

Heat exchanger

Cooler

Plate & frame heat exchanger

Double pipe heat exchanger

Fixed straight tubes heat exchanger

U shaped tubes heat exchanger

Spiral heat exchanger

Covered gas vent

Curved gas vent

Dust trap

Funnel

Steam trap

Viewing glass

Pressure reducing valve

Flexible pipe

Valve

Control valve

Manual valve

Back draft damper

Needle valve

Butterfly valve

Diaphragm valve

Ball valve

See also

Commons:Category:Chemical engineering symbols - A list of P&ID symbols in SVG format

Process flow diagram

External links

ISA-5.1-1984 (R1992), Instrumentation Symbols and Identification

The P&ID at The Engineering Tool Box

ISO reference for P&ID symbols

Engineering Symbology, Prints and Drawing pdf book free download

How to read P&IDs

Categories: Engineering | Piping | Diagrams


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2010/2011 Annual Global cotton production will be restorative growth

Recently, the International Cotton Advisory Committee (ICAC) released in April forecast that global production and demand, 2010/11 world cotton production will resume growth.

    2010/11, world cotton planting area is estimated at 32.6 million hectares, an increase of 8%, however, still not more than 33 million hectares of the nearly 30-year average. U.S. cotton planting area expected to be 4.3 million hectares, up 15%, harvested area is expected to 3.9 million hectares, an increase of 24%. China, India and Pakistan's cotton growing area of growth is limited. In addition, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Brazil, Zimbabwe, Egypt, Greece and other countries in the area will increase.

    If normal weather this year, global cotton average yield is estimated at 759 kg / ha, an increase of 4%, and average over the past five years flat. Global cotton production is estimated at 24.74 million tons, up 12.25%, of which U.S. production is expected to increase by almost 1 million tons, India and China, production is expected to increase by 40 million tons each. Output growth is expected to more than 100,000 tons of the country are in Pakistan, Brazil, Uzbekistan, Turkey and Australia.

    2010/11, world cotton consumption is estimated at 24.57 million tons, up 2.03%, mainly driven by economic recovery, but high cotton prices will restrain demand for cotton. Global cotton imports are expected to slightly increase to 7.58 million tons, of which China imports 242 million tons, up 21%. However, Turkey, Pakistan and Mexico, increased output, imports decreased. U.S. cotton exports are forecast to 2.77 million tons, up 6.54%; India's cotton exports are expected to reduce to 1.18 million tons. Global ending stocks are projected at 10.5 million tons, up 1.65%.

    ICAC forecast 2009/10 average test Truck A index is 75 cents, up 23% year on year, 95% CI 71-80 cents. 2010/11 examination Truck A index was 82 cents, up 9% year on year, 95% CI 70-96 cents. However, there are still many uncertain factors in the commodity market, the price drop is still significant risk. Taking into account this factor, the actual fluctuations in the price range should be 70-82 cents.

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Friday, May 6, 2011

The Real Housewife of Abbottabad: What bin Laden's Spouse Knows

The Real Housewife of Abbottabad: What bin Laden's Spouse Knows

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A man reads a newspaper showing the passport of Amal Ahmed Abdul Fatah, Osama bin Laden's fifth wife, who was shot in the leg during the raid on bin Laden's compound in Pakistan
Rehan Khan / EPA
      • Technorati
        The U.S. Navy Seal team that killed Osama bin Laden and removed a bonanza of documents and flash drives may have left behind a vital source of intelligence: bin Laden's wife Amal Ahmed Abdul Fatah. The story of how she found her way back to bin Laden's hideout in Pakistan from Yemen could well have revealed crucial clues as to whether Pakistani authorities had been aware of the al-Qaeda leader's presence in their country. And if U.S. officials had been tracking her at the time, they might have found bin Laden sooner.
        The White House says that Amal, 24, was shot in the calf when she charged at the Seals who burst into bin Laden's bedroom, presumably to protect her husband. Bin Laden's body was taken away for burial in the Arabian Sea. But Amal was left behind, along with her young daughter Safiyah, who Pakistani officials say witnessed her father's killing. It is not clear how many of the dozen other children in the compound were bin Laden's. Pakistani officials say bin Laden's wife and daughter are now recovering in a military hospital in Rawalpindi, and they have released Amal's passport photograph. (See pictures of Osama bin Laden's Pakistan hideout.)
        The photo shows a pale young woman with generous lips. In accordance with Islamic convention, her face is framed by a headscarf and she is wearing no lipstick or makeup. Later Pakistani press reports suggested that bin Laden may have had several other wives staying with him, but his original spouses are believed to be in Syria, Saudi Arabia and Iran, possibly under house arrest.
        In 2002, Amal reportedly gave an interview to a Saudi woman's magazine, Al Majalla, in which she explained how, after the 9/11 attacks, she made her way out of Afghanistan back to Yemen with assistance from Pakistani officials.
        Bin Laden's widow told her Saudi interviewer at the time, "When the U.S. bombing of Afghanistan started, we moved to a mountainous area with some children and lived in one of the caves for two months until one of his sons came with a group of tribesmen and took us with them. I did not know that we were going to Pakistan until they handed us over to the Pakistani government."
        Parts of that account were confirmed to TIME in a telephone interview with an Arab woman who prefers not to be identified but who knew bin Laden personally in Afghanistan and whose family formed part of al-Qaeda's inner circle. After 9/11, al-Qaeda's leadership decided to evacuate their families. "All the families had to leave Afghanistan swiftly," the Arab woman said. "They didn't want their women and children captured." However, one of bin Laden's former aides in Yemen insists that Amal never reached home. (See a photo album of the bin Laden family.)
        After bin Laden's young bride — Amal was then 19 — was turned over to the Pakistani authorities, she and her daughter Safiyah were released and allowed to fly home to Ibb, a town not far from Sana'a, Yemen's capital, where her father worked as a minor civil servant.
        But bin Laden somehow arranged for Amal to rejoin him and his kids in Pakistan. In her magazine interview, she was asked if she would return to her fugitive husband. Her enigmatic reply: "Let us see what happens." Pakistani press quoted officials as saying that Amal claimed to have been living with bin Laden in the Abbottabad safe house for five years. (See photos of Navy Seals in action.)
        With the benefit of hindsight, it seems that U.S. counterterrorism experts spent years trying to decipher the name and the whereabouts of bin Laden's elusive courier, when keeping tabs on his comely young wife might have led them to him sooner.
        Then there's the question of whether Pakistani authorities had been aware that bin Laden's wife had returned to their country. Robert Grenier, a former director of the CIA's Counterterrorism Center and a security expert, says it's not impossible to imagine that the Pakistanis could have let Amal leave the country and failed to detect her return. "The Pakistanis would want to get her back home," Grenier tells TIME. "There are cultural taboos that come up with women. They certainly wouldn't facilitate her interrogation by foreigners." (See pictures of the battle against the Taliban.)
        So far, Pakistan is refusing to let U.S. officials anywhere near Amal, now under guard in a hospital. Chances are, that won't change — cultural taboos aside, she may know too many uncomfortable truths. Pakistani army chief General Ashfaq Kayani said Thursday, May 5, that Pakistan is ordering all but the "minimum essential" American personnel to leave the country, a sign that the tense relations between Pakistan and the U.S. have worsened as a result of the Abbottabad raid.
        Pakistan's security establishment has long been accused of playing a double game: taking billions in U.S. aid while secretly backing select jihadi militants in Afghanistan and in Pakistan's tribal region. Even al-Qaeda types were expected to play ball. Says the Arab woman formerly connected to al-Qaeda: "There was an understanding with the Pakistani army. We would get a tip-off that the army planned to raid one of our houses in the tribal area. We would flee but leave some 'evidence' behind so that the army could show to the Americans that we'd been there."
        CIA Director Leon Panetta said this week that "either [the Pakistanis] were involved or incompetent. Neither is a good place to be." But Grenier suggests a more complex scenario: "I'm not giving an alibi for the Pakistanis, but it's virtually inconceivable that Osama and those close to him would have voluntarily allowed their presence to be known by Pakistani officials, especially given the large number of his followers captured by Pakistan. We don't trust the Pakistanis. Why should he?" On the other hand, he adds, "If his whereabouts were discovered by the Pakistani officials, I can envision them saying, 'He's keeping a low profile, and if we turn him over to the Americans, it will create a real firestorm for us.' " (Read more about the CIA's rare public victory.)
        Amal may be said to have leaped to her husband's defense during the Seal raid, but her acquaintance interviewed by TIME remembers her as being shy and meek when she was first brought to Kandahar in 2000 and was staying with one of bin Laden's other wives. "She was new. She was out of place. The sheik's other wives were much older than she was. So were many of his sons," the source claims.
        Amal became bin Laden's fifth wife. His first, Saada, never got over the fact that the billionaire's son she married preferred a simple hut in Afghanistan to a palace back home. In 2000, bin Laden sent a trusted Yemeni aide, Abual Fida, on the hunt for a new bride. As Fida later told an interviewer, bin Laden wanted his new wife to be "religious, generous, well brought up, quiet, calm and young enough not to feel jealous of the sheik's other wives."
        Despite the huge age gap between Amal and bin Laden, her family considered it an honor to marry off their daughter to him. The al-Qaeda chief reportedly paid $5,000 in jewelry and clothes for his teenage bride, who was then brought to Afghanistan to marry the grizzled warrior — already on the U.S. most-wanted reddit
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      • MySpace list for his role in the 1998 bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. "To me, it's astonishing that she came back to join him [in Pakistan]," says the source with former ties to al-Qaeda. "None of the other fighters brought back their wives." But did the Pakistani authorities know that she had returned from Yemen? With bin Laden's wife now in Pakistani custody, the White House won't find out anytime soon.
Tim McGirk, a former TIME bureau chief, is a fellow at the University of California at Berkeley's Investigative Reporting Program.


Read more: http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2069934,00.html#ixzz1LdWB2ONF

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Friday, April 29, 2011

US Economic Collapse Imminent

As we get closer to "it" happening, I want to once again remind you: DO NOT BE AFRAID.

A group of us decided quite some time ago that some really serious problems with this country could only be solved in one particular way and we undertook plans to solve those problems. Those plans are complete. All the pieces are in place.

As we get closer to the date upon which those problems will be solved, it is important to prepare you, the general public.

Rather than get into some long-winded manifesto, I'll state the facts simply:

1) This nation went to war in Iraq based upon deliberate lies by the President of the United States about non-existent weapons of mass destruction. over 655,000 innocent, unarmed Iraqi men, women and children died as a result. The President deserves to be punished for that.

2) When the lies about non-existent WMD came to light, the Congress refused to do anything to put a halt to the war. They deserve to be punished for that.

3) Barack Obama ran for President despite knowing he was not eligible because he is not a natural born citizen of the United States as required by the Constitution. When the issue came to light, he or his campaign placed a FORGED Hawaiian Certificate of Live Birth on the Internet to deceive the American people into allowing an ineligible person to be President. As such, his election is completely invalid and we see no reason to permit him to take office.

4) When honest, decent, hard-working citizens in over 20 states filed legal actions to challenge Obama's citizenship and eligibility for President, over 20 State Court Judges aided and abetted the usurpation of the Presidency by dismissing the cases without even looking into the issue. Those Judges deserve to be punished for that.

5) When litigants in the aforementioned cases appealed to the federal district courts and later Circuit Courts of Appeal, they were once again thwarted by Judges who aided and abetted the usurpationof the Presidency. Those federal Judge deserve to be punished.

5) When several litigants in the aforementioned lawsuits appealed to the US Supreme Court, the court repeatedly refused to even hear the cases. As the highest court in the land they should have stepped far more carefully. Instead, they too aided and abetted the usurpation of the Presidency. The Supreme Court Justices deserve to be severely punished.

6) When the economy fell apart, the Chairman of the federal reserve and the Secretary of the Treasury both sought hundreds of billions in "bailout" money to help avert complete financial collapse. Both men promised "transparency" and a full accounting of who got how much and what the public got as collateral in return. Here we are, weeks after the money was given, both the federal reserve and the Treasury REFUSE to divulge who got how much and what the taxpayer got as collateral. The Chairman of the federal reserve and the Secretary of the Treasury deserve to be punished for their repeated deceptions.

In summation, we presently suffer:
a) a lying, cheating murderously-war-waging existing President;
b) a Congress that refused to do its duty to stop an illegal and unjust war,
c) a Constitutionally ineliigble incoming president elect;
d) judges at the state, federal district, federal circuit and Supreme Court levels that are aiding and abetting the usurpation of the Presidency;
e) a treacherous lying, deceitful federal reserve chairman, and;
f) an overt lying, cheat as secretary of the Treasury.

By themselves, any one or even two of these problems would be merely an illness that the Republic could deal with. Suffering all of these problems at the same time amounts to Cancer. A cancer that is killing our Republic.

There are only two ways to deal with cancer: either you kill it or it kills you.

As a thinking person, it ought to be plain to you at this point, what solution we have in mind and why we're telling you repeatedly, in advance to be not afraid.

Those of you who are familiar with this blog know I choose my words very carefully. I say things like "..... deserves to be......, we should....., we may have to......, I wouldn't shed a tear if......" and so on. Today, I choose my words just as carefully when I say We are going to do what HAS to be done to confront and solve these problems.

When it happens, do not be afraid. This has needed to happen for a very long time to protect this Republic and the USA will be better off once it does happen.


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Can Bankruptcy Save My House?

The filing of bankruptcy activates the automatic stay which prevents all creditors from any action to gather their claim including foreclosure.

Can Bankruptcy Save My House? A creditor secured by the house can find relief from the stay to complete the foreclosure if there is danger that the secured claim will become larger than the value of the security during the bankruptcy. Since the creditor's lien is not removed by the bankruptcy, Chapter 7 provides temporary relief from foreclosure, but no lasting solution.

If you are among the record number of under pressure families who face increasing mortgage payments on a home where much of the value has already gone, you may be running out of options. Most banks are not eager to renegotiate rates or extend loans, opting instead to foreclose on properties.

Can Bankruptcy Save My House? If you are about to lose your home through foreclosure, filing bankruptcy can seem enticing. As soon as you file bankruptcy, your lender will suspend foreclosure proceedings temporarily. Your lender's attorneys will then present the court that your lender has a security interest in your home. The bankruptcy court will likely let your lender to continue foreclosure.

Although you may maintain your home for a few months more, the consequences of filing bankruptcy and home foreclosures can cause long term financial suffering. Legal proceedings such as bankruptcy and foreclosure remain on your credit history for ten years. Although it may be possible to get credit within that time, it will likely cost more in interest rates and additional charges. It is possible to qualify for a mortgage loan right after your bankruptcy has been discharged or your property seized, however, the terms are usually so adverse that few borrowers actually obtain one. The rising use of credit reporting and scoring by employers, insurance companies, and other entities can reduce your options if you have a foreclosure and/or bankruptcy on your credit record.

We know your house is important to you and your family. We also want you to create good economic decisions. Your bankruptcy lawyer will discuss the costs and benefits of home ownership with you. Your bankruptcy attorney will also help you decide whether it is the best decision for you and your family to try to stay your home. And if this is your choice, your bankruptcy attorney will help you craft the best plan to give you the best chance of winning the battle to save your home from foreclosure.

If losing your home is pending then you may be considering bankruptcy as a way to absolve all of your debts and start with a clean slate. However, there are many negative phases to filing for bankruptcy. Any credit cards that are included in your bankruptcy claim will no longer be applicable. Any cars that are in the claim will be retrieved. You will be dispossessed from your home if the mortgage is included. Your credit will be totally ruined and a bankruptcy will remain on your record for ten years that is three years longer than a foreclosure. Therefore bankruptcy should be your very last choice if it is at all avoidable. But you do not need an attorney to file bankruptcy. It could cost you a lot of money.

You can always hire a bankruptcy petition preparer to prepare your petition. They only charge less, they are authorized to do it and the end result is the same. To know more on how to file bankruptcy, visit http://www.onlinebkassist.com.

Steve Young is the author of The #1 Secret On How To File Bankruptcy. To get your free CD on How to File Bankruptcy Without an Attorney, go to http://www.onlinebkassist.com/


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Credit Score Recovery after Bankruptcy

How you manage your credit after the bankruptcy can be one of the most important factors in rebuilding a strong credit profile. Following are the steps one can obtain to recover their credit score after bankruptcy:



Introspection: One of the most important things to do is to look back, scrutinize and probe deep to figure out what led us to this situation.
It can be due to over spending or irresponsible handling of credit, lack of an emergency fund ECT
FICO score: Your FICO score is the numeric description of your financial liability, based on your credit history. These FICO scores are calculated while evaluating credit history, by the lender especially after bankruptcy.
Review credit report: Get hold of copies of your credit report--including your credit score--from all three major credit reporting agencies in the undeviating impact of your bankruptcy discharge. Reviewing your credit reports and noting your credit score from each of these agencies gives you a starting point for observing changes following your bankruptcy. The three major U.S. credit reporting agencies are Experian, Equifax and Trans Union.
Credit Repair Schemes to Avoid:responsibility is the most important building blocks of a strong credit profile. There really aren't any shortcuts. Some credit repair companies charge high fees for things you can do yourself, or encourage illegal activities, like providing false information when applying for credit. Beware of credit repair schemes and don't jeopardize your fresh start after bankruptcy.
Try not to carry balances: You don't want to build up debt again, and the higher the entitlement of balances to your total available credit boundary, the more negative the impact will be on your credit score. Some credit card issuers will let you to open accounts soon after you've completed your bankruptcy case. They know you've confronted your financial problems, and you won't be able to seek bankruptcy aid in the near future. After your bankruptcy case is over, you'll have to wait six to eight years before filing another Chapter 7 bankruptcy case. For Chapter 13 bankruptcy, it's a two to four-year wait. It goes without saying that if you've filed for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, fulfilling the terms of your repayment plan is a must.
Check your credit report and your FICO score once in a year.
Having no credit cards at all OR while having credit cards and managing them responsibly can lead to a high credit score.
Keep your balances low or, if possible, pay them off completely each month.
Don't open credit cards that you don't need just to increase your available credit or because you want it to look like you have a better mix of credit.
Shop for auto or mortgage loan rates for within a set period of time. FICO scores discriminate between a search for a single loan and a search for many new credit lines by the length of time over which investigation take place
Don't close credit cards to try to raise your score. Closed accounts show up on your credit report.
Repair your credit history by Opening new accounts responsibly and pay the bills on time.

There is absolutely no need to panic. The whole world is impermanent, so is our credit record. It stays on our credit report for a couple of years. That does not mean there is no a ray of hope. By all means no. As soon as the bankruptcy case is closed, with some planned measures we can slowly yet steadily build up our credit rating.

Rebecca Miller is the eminent writer of this article. Here in this article she has discussed about possible steps that one can obtain to manage credit in a proper way after the bankruptcy process.


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Thursday, April 28, 2011

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy - What You Need to Know

Chapter 13 bankruptcy is completely different from chapter 7. When you file for chapter 13, you are making a plan to repay your debts instead of forgiving all of them. The creditors will get some money. However, the amount that you owe in debt will determine how much if any the creditors will receive. All secured debts are paid before unsecured debts. If you take the full three to five years to pay secured debt, chances are the unsecured debts will not receive any
payment, but will be discharged. The nice thing about chapter 13 is that you do not give up any property.

For instance, if you have a house payment that you have fallen behind on the payments by a couple of months and you owe some back property taxes, you can keep the house and pay the monthly payments plus the fees to the trustee every month to repay the outstanding balance. If you have any credit card debt that is not secured, these debts are last to be paid if any time remains. The unsecured creditors are paid a few cents on a dollar depending on the size of your secured debt. Filing a chapter 13 bankruptcy will help many people keep their homes and other assets that would otherwise be sold to pay any debts if you were to file a chapter 7.

Understanding a chapter 13 bankruptcy is important for all consumers. The first thing to understand is that you have to have enough income to pay your monthly debts and living expenses. After the expenses are calculated, the remaining income will apply to your debts that are filed under a chapter 13. For instance, if you have three hundred
dollars left over to pay your debts that money will be given to a trustee every month. The trustee then distributes the monies to the proper creditors.

The trustee is a person that is assigned to you for the term of the filing. Every month, you must give the trustee the amount agreed on or you will forfeit the bankruptcy agreement. Included in this money is the trustee fee and secured and unsecured debts. In some cases, the remaining lawyer fees are included in this as well. It is very important that you pay the monies on time every month. If you miss just one month, you will void the agreement and need to look for an alternative, which may be a chapter 7.

When you file a chapter 13 bankruptcy, you will also be giving up one half of your income tax refund every year. This will be for three or five years depending on your time allotment by the court. The income tax refund money is applied to the unsecured debt that may not receive any type of payment at all. You should not take on any new debt during the chapter 13 bankruptcy. This could cause you to fall behind on your bankruptcy payments and result in a termination of the court agreement.

For more information about Chapter 13 Bankruptcy and debt relief, go to www.debt-relief-advice.info


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Why Bankruptcy May Be The Worst Thing You Can Do!

Choosing a bankruptcy will negatively affect your credit score more than just about any other debt relief solution. Bankruptcy will ruin your credit score for many years. Most people understand, after a bankruptcy, they will not be able to get loans but few people realize that bankruptcy will impact their entire life and that of their family in many other negative ways.

On the positive side, bankruptcy is a federal court proceeding that either forgives you of your debts or allows you to pay off just a small fraction of your debt while erasing most of your debt. While bankruptcy will nearly ruin your credit rating, it will also allow you to escape overwhelming debt. This gives you a clean slate and a chance to rebuild a good credit rating in the ensuing years. A bankruptcy will no longer show up on your credit report after ten years.

If you are very seriously in debt and have no way of repaying your bills, a bankruptcy can help you by stopping collection agencies from contacting you. Also, if you have been very negligent in paying your debts, your credit rating is likely already very low so bankruptcy may make little difference in your credit score.

Bankruptcy is especially advantageous if you have large debts that you could never pay off no matter what you do.

On the negative side, going bankrupt is no longer an easy escape and it costs money up front. New federal law makes it tougher to declare bankruptcy. Creditors can challenge you. If the court finds you have an income or assets that could pay back some of your debts, you may still be forced to pay back some or all of your creditors instead of all out bankruptcy. You need counseling to decide your best legal options.

Make no mistake, going bankrupt is a very serious step. It is not just a 'black mark' on your credit report, it is a huge warning sign to lenders. After a bankruptcy, you will be unable to get credit cards, many other types of credit, and will even be told what you can and cannot buy. The whole process can also be emotionally draining. Bankruptcy should only be chosen as a last option if you really require your debts to be forgiven because you have no way of repaying them.

Choosing whether to go bankrupt requires some professional advice.

Bankruptcy advisers can help you decide whether to seek bankruptcy and how to proceed once you do decide to file. Then, a lawyer is hired to represent you in bankruptcy proceedings. This will likely cost you more than $1,000 up front depending on the lawyer you hire.

Filing for bankruptcy can be emotionally upsetting and even embarrassing for you and family members. On the day you are finally judged to be bankrupt, you may have to appear in Federal Court, along with many other people in the same situation. Your name may be called out in open court and your name may even appear in the Legal Notices of your local newspaper. It is not a pleasant experience.

From that moment on, every time you apply for credit, apply for a job that requires you to handle money, or even apply for some more exclusive types of apartment living, your credit score is checked. In fact, your credit score can be checked by anyone with a legitimate business need to do so. Your bankruptcy will be there for all to see.

Your credit score is based on how you have handled your past financial responsibilities and past payments and credit, and it provides potential creditors with a quick snapshot of your current financial situation and past repayment habits, including your recent bankruptcy. In other words, your credit history gives lenders a picture - quickly - of how responsible or irresponsible you are.

Some people who go bankrupt feel like a failure as a person. Remember, your history is represented by your FICO credit score but it's just a number. It is not a personal reflection of how "good" or "bad" a person you are.

It's true that lenders use credit scoring to make an educated guess as to whether you will repay your bills in the future and credit scoring is based on information gathered from studying other people in circumstances such as yours. The group you fit into determines your score. Thus, it's nothing personal. It's just facts and figures run through a computer program. So, go easy on yourself.

Let me finish with a word of caution. Many people who go bankrupt try to falsify loan applications because they are ashamed while others are just plain dishonest. Not only is this illegal, it is also useless to do so. Your credit score is easy to check. You will not fool lenders by lying and you may actually find yourself arrested as a result of your dishonesty.


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Can I Keep My Car After Bankruptcy?

Numerous individuals have attained a pinnacle when their assets get reclaimed back again by financing institutions and loaning institutions. There are various ways through which persons can discontinue reclamation with their possessions taken back by enhancing their skills. If persons want to put in hard work and recognize the complete process of repossession, they would be able to reclaim their motor vehicles and other possessions.

Losing a vehicle and having no means of transportation leaves one feeble and makes any required mortgages to be paid more difficult. All types of homeowners and others that are now on the brink of repossession must understand why it is important to have a well paying job so that they would be able to save up enough money for repayment of the borrowed loans. Those individuals that have taken out greater loans with greater finances should in fact consider selling any non-largely valued items so as to help out with the monetary paybacks. On selling any such item, any applicant is definitely sure to receive any funds to reclaim their mortgages soon. There might also be many others that would like to sell any item in regards to their properties, in such a situation banks would not mind or even hesitate carrying out a reclaim in the same respect on the listed cars. Such banks would usually sell the vehicle for a low price after the rate of depreciation of the vehicle has been taken into consideration and this money would be used to help them with their debts in return. On the other hand, if one wishes to purchase a vehicle after bankruptcy they surely can considering that they regain a positive credit balance.

Other individuals eager to struggle sincerely to stop reclamation of their vehicles through the use of hard work persist in doing everything that is required in being able to sustain their cars and other financial belongings. It is vital to be able to understand all the legal, bindings as well as to seek and obtain professional help. This is the first step to stop repossession of a car and to be able to provide a positive credit to reclaim their vehicle after bankruptcy.

Numerous individuals have attained a pinnacle when their assets get reclaimed back again by financing institutions and loaning institutions. There are various ways through which persons can discontinue reclamation with their possessions taken back by enhancing their skills. If persons want to put in hard work and recognize the complete process of repossession, they would be able to reclaim their motor vehicles and other possessions.


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Stop thinking about it... do it,repair your credit

If your credit is messed-up like mine use to be and you are thinking of doing something about it.It's time to stop just thinking and do something about.Do you know the longer you wait to start fixing your credit,the worst it get and it take longer to repair your credit

It is not my place or goal to make ethical decisions for anyone.But to provide you with the credit repair information you need to make an informed decision It's the decision of the person whose family can't buy a home, or a new car, or get credit cards-- and with numerous derogatory credit items often if they can get these things-- the interest rates are so high they can't make the payments...

We know that bad things happen to good people. Maybe you got injured or sick and couldn't work, or co-signed and the creditor didn't tell you that the payments weren't being made, or you were a victim of credit fraud, or maybe you just got in over your head and now your creditors and the bureaus are making you and your family pay for that mistake....not to mention the money you are paying because you need credit repair

Thanks to the many laws that have been enacted by our government for your benefit,, It is often easier and cheaper for a creditor or bureau to remove a derogatory item than it is to fight it. For them to successfully argue that a debt is yours requires them to find the "original" document and original signature. If the original document is in a warehouse in Alabama, it could get very costly and time consuming to find. And remember, if they can't find it and verify it within 30 days, it must be removed. Few creditors will spend hundreds or thousands of dollars in man hours to find a signature to prove you owe them money that they know they will never receive anyway.

Learn how to get good credit by improving your credit scores and removing bad credit. Fixing your bad credit is possible, simple, and legal! If you have debts that are affecting your credit scores and your ability to buy a home, a car, or get personal loans, etc... You really only have 3 choices...

{1} Pay Your Creditors
{2} File Bankruptcy
{3}Fix Your Credit

Stop thinking and do something!
The very worst thing you can do is to Do Nothing!


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Personal Bankruptcy: Five Ways to Improve Your Credit After Discharge

The number one concern of most people who are considering bankruptcy is the effect a bankruptcy will have on their credit. In some ways, this concern is merely a reflection of the consumer credit mentality that leads so many people to bankruptcy in the first place. The purpose of this article is to offer strategies for improving your credit and your credit use after bankruptcy.

1. You Must Alter Your Spending and Saving Habits.

In the days before credit cards, people saved money to cover events like broken pipes and leaky roofs. They anticipated large purchases, and they saved for those too. However, when credit cards became popular among the masses, we began to replace savings accounts with credit limits. Instead of money in the bank, we had a credit card with a $5,000 limit in case something came up. The problem with this mentality is that the first time you have to use that card to buy something you can not afford to buy with cash, you are behind, and many people never catch up.

If you have emerged from bankruptcy, you may be debt free for the first time in your adult life. The best thing you can do for yourself and your credit is to change your behavior right now. Make a budget, institute a savings plan, and learn to live without credit. Only when you have taught yourself how to save money will you be ready to handle credit responsibly.

2. Pay All of Your Remaining Debts On Time.

If you kept your car or your house, or if you had student loans that were not discharged, it is critically important that you pay all of these bills every month on time. Establishing a history of on time payments is critical to rebuilding your credit.

3. Do Not Take on Any New Debts or Credit.

Some people will tell you to go out immediately and get yourself a secured credit card, but I think this is a terrible idea. For at least 18 months after your bankruptcy, I believe you should focus on getting your financial house in order. Pay off your car and keep driving it. Enjoy the feeling of not having a car payment. See how much more money you have every month when you are not using all of it to pay for consumer goods you no longer even own. It is too easy to get back into trouble if you jump right back into the credit card game.

4. Save as Much Money As you Possibly Can.

For eighteen months, save every penny you can. Put the money in a bank account, buy a short term certificate of deposit, or put the money under your mattress. You need to re-wire your brain to think about expenses you know are coming and put aside money to cover them.

Having cash set aside somewhere is the best way to avoid problems with credit in the future. A healthy savings account will also lessen the effect of a spotty credit history by giving you a nice cushion for credit purchases it is difficult to avoid. Buying a house is a good example. If you try to get 100% financing for a house 2 years after a personal bankruptcy, no bank in the country is going to want to write you that loan. On the other hand, if you have a substantial down payment, you are showing the bank that you can be responsible with money and that you will also be invested in the house. You will have a much easier time getting the loan you need.

If you know you will need a new computer in twelve months, or you see that the tires on your car are looking worn, there is no reason in the world you need a credit card or a good credit rating to make those purchases. If you can learn to save money for these things instead, you will finally defeat your credit demons. Even if you feel like you are spending your savings just as quickly as you put them aside, you are still much better off than if you were using borrowed money to make the purchase.

5. After an Appropriate Time Begin to Selectively Apply for New Credit

Between 18 and 24 months after your Chapter 7 discharge, get a copy of your credit report and score. Take a look at where you were two years ago and where you are now. Chances are, your credit score has actually improved since the last time you checked it. You are no longer swimming in debt, and you should be building a good history of on time payments. Now you might feel like it is time to get another credit card.

At this point I would recommend that you get yourself a secured credit card. The only reason I recommend that you have a credit card at all is because you will need one if you ever have to rent a car. Car rental places do not like debit cards. Other than that, try to not to use the secured card.

If you feel like you need to use the card every month, try using it for only one monthly expense that you know you will be able to pay. Perhaps you can make it your gas card. Whatever you do, pay the credit card off in full every month. Nobody knows better than you what happens when you begin to carry a balance, so resolve that you will never do it again. If you find yourself unable to pay your credit card balance every month, put the card in a drawer and do not use it again for another 6 to 12 months. You are not yet ready to have a credit card again, but stick with the plan and you will be soon.

Remember that your credit score is just a reflection of your credit habits. Follow these simple steps, and you will see your credit score rise every month. Better still, you may find that your credit score is no longer as important to you as it once was because you have learned how not to live on credit.

Check out this related article, Finding Money to Pay Down Debt, or visit us on the web at Money-411 for more great tips on better living through smart debt and money management.


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Mathematical Finance Formulas Useful Knowledge Base

It's difficult to provide accurate mathematical finance formulas information, but we have gone through the rigor of putting together as much mathematical finance formulas related information as possible. Even if you are searching for other information somehow related to banking and finance, finance jobs, finance chart or finance financial this article should help a great deal.

Proving to credit card companies and banks that you are a good "borrowers" can be a convincing way to get a higher credit limit. However, be careful because this procedure also means that you will be paying finance charges, which can collect in a hurry.

We are told that the secret of prosperity remains a secret without hard work and good decisions. Many of us know how to work hard and are often willing to do so.

Criteria Two: The venture must have a sustainable limit to attract and retain its market share. The location or lease of a real estate development can be an edge.

As detailed as this article is, don't forget that you can find more information about mathematical finance formulas or any such information from any of the search engines out there. Commit yourself to finding specific information therein about mathematical finance formulas and you will.

A payday loan is an unsecured loan that is typically from one hundred to fifteen hundred dollars. It is meant to last you in between paydays. An unsecured loan is one where no collateral is put up. Because this is a short term loan, and because it is not a lot of money, collateral is not needed.

The company offers the best solution to your financial problem, thus helping you out to make ends meet. Certain requirements and criteria have to be followed and observe, you must present bank statement that you have an active saving or checking account; you must be at least 18 yrs. These are some requirements you have to meet for you to be an eligible borrower.

You will need to do a little research online for the email and physical addresses of the payday lender - type in the payday lender's name into Google's search, and you will be able to get it. Send them an email as well as a letter to their physical address.

Many people searching for mathematical finance formulas also searched online for search finance, finance basics, and even finance.


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Wednesday, April 27, 2011

Auto Loans for People with Horrible Credit

Horrible credit. Has anyone told you that you have horrible credit? Have you been turned down by a local bank or car dealership for a car loan? Have you been told that it may be a couple years before your credit report begins to look better and that's only if you make your payments on time? It doesn't feel good, does it?

You're not by yourself on this deal. There are thousands and in fact, millions of people in the U.S. that are in the same situation. The economy has really taken it's toll on working people that are just trying to get by. More and more people are living paycheck to paycheck and trying to make ends meet. Meanwhile, cars get more miles on them and need to be replaced. How do you get that car loan if your credit is horrible?

You can get a car loan online easier than you can get a car loan locally. You don't have to rely on a car dealer to tell you that you're approved or not. All truth being known, car dealers aren't the best people in the world to depend on if you're looking to get approved or looking for a good interest rate, if approved.

Online auto financing is available to everyone. There are lenders that specialize in helping people like you get into the car that they need to go to work, school, daycares and the grocery store. If you need reliable transportation and aren't looking to buy some outlandish ride, then auto financing is just a click of your mouse.

For a directory of lenders that will work with you directly in your local area, visit http://mycredittree.net If you would like to compare offers from multiple lenders that specialize in bad credit auto financing with only one application, visit http://fundmyvehicle.net

Related Articles... Where Can I Get a Car Loan With Bad Credit?
Warning – Dealerships That Finance Bad Credit
Where Can I Buy a Car With No Credit?
Buying Cars With No Money Down With Bad Credit
What Does it Take to Get a Bad Credit Car Loan?

Jason Lanier is an EzineArticles.com Platinum Level Expert Author.


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Saturday, April 16, 2011

Prosperity Group International Ends 2009 on a High

Index Trading Company Prosperity Group International has finished 2009 on a high note. Understandably, investors were very hesitant considering 2009 has been fraught with uncertainty due to the global recession which resulted in higher than usual unemployment figures, the closure of many small businesses and overall general financial concern. However, PGI is happy to report their Index Trader system can profit in any economic climate.

At the core of their success is the fact that Prosperity Group International allocates significant funds each year toward the research and development of their Index Trading platforms. PGI's Peter Jensen says "Our clients' financial wellbeing is our ultimate driving force".

The Stock Market Indices, in 2009, have seen the largest growth since 2003. In this regard, Share Traders were given a confidence boost resulting in increased profits. The predictability of the Market Indices has been sorely missed by these investors over the last few years. Peter Jensen also went on to say "In Index Trading, we are fortunate not to have to rely on Market Indices moving in any particular direction, as we are able to generate profits whether those Indices move up or down". As more and more people are discovering the benefits of Index Trading, many are still surprised by the fact these platforms are not only utilized by the already financially well-off, as is the case for many other types of trading platforms. In fact, Index Trading caters to a wide spectrum of budgetary requirements.

We have all now been faced with the question of whether or not we can continue to rely on one income stream for any length of time. Most economic experts would agree that those days are pretty much over for most people. For example, a large percentage of university graduates currently rely on filling locum positions as well as taking on contract work, rather than being offered traditional full-time positions as a standard course of post graduate employment. This being the case, we can then expect low to medium skilled workers to experience an even larger volatility in job security. Many are now focusing on personal investment as a second or third income stream in order to secure their financial futures. Of course most investors are seeking to participate in low risk, high return opportunities. Hence, platforms such as PGI's Index Trader and Auto Trader, which fundamentally contain these benefits, have gained tremendous popularity in the last couple of years amongst those seeking to supplement their incomes

Prosperity Group International (PGI) continually strive to create a harmonious balance between time, prosperity and the creation of wealth in order to increase the financial wellbeing of their clients. Visit Prosperity Group International (PGI) at http://www.pgi.net.au/ Visit PGI for more information


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Friday, April 15, 2011

Dirty Jobs

Format

A worker takes on Rowe as a fully-involved assistant during a typical work day, during which he works hard to complete every task as best he can despite discomfort, hazards or disgusting situations. The dirty job crew, including cameraman Doug Glover and field producer Dave Barsky, often get just as dirty as Rowe does. Rowe frequently takes on-camera jabs at Dave Barsky, regarding Barsky's penchant for setting up scenes where Rowe will encounter the most dangerous or dirty part of the job in order to get a great camera shot; when a safety officer finishes going over the rules and regulations for the Billboard Installer job in the third season and hands Mike a log to sign to acknowledge receiving instructions, Mike mutters the words "Dave...Barsky" as he signs his name.

Mike Rowe often makes jokes about his jobs and describes them as "dirty jokes". However, he almost never makes fun of the workers themselves. Rowe and the show consistently respect the employees for taking on the jobs that are avoided by most people, and the show always begins with the following quote from Rowe, usually spoken while in the midst of a particularly dirty task:

"My name's Mike Rowe, and this is my job. I explore the country looking for people who aren't afraid to get dirty hard-working men and women who earn an honest living doing the kinds of jobs that make civilized life possible for the rest of us. Now, get ready to get dirty."

Rowe frequently makes note of the cheerfulness of his hosts - the dirtier jobs are often filled by happier workers.

History

The show is a spin-off of a segment host Mike Rowe once did on a local San Francisco program called Somebody's Gotta Do It. After completing a graphic piece on cow artificial insemination, Rowe was inundated with letters expressing "shock, horror, fascination, disbelief, and wonder". Rowe then sent the tape to the Discovery Channel, who commissioned a series based on this concept. Dirty Jobs is now produced by Craig Piligian (executive producer) of Pilgrim Films & Television. The Discovery Channel executive producer is Gena McCarthy.

Mike has stated in recently aired promos (done alongside a large sow) that he originally wanted to honor his father, and grandfather, by bringing fame to the less-than-glorious careers.

Episodes

Main article: List of Dirty Jobs episodes

In July 2006, the show aired two special episodes to kick off and wrap up Discovery's annual Shark Week, of which Mike Rowe was the host. The episodes featured him in a number of jobs related to the animals, some as outlandish as shark repellent tester and shark suit tester, both of which necessitated his jumping into a shark feeding frenzy. As a pun on Discovery Channel's "Shark Week" theme, the two episodes were named "Dirty Jobs That Bite" and "Dirty Jobs That Bite Harder" for the opening and closing hours respectively.

In late August 2006, the show reached a milestone with Mike Rowe's 100th dirty job. This was commemorated with a special 2 hour long episode which mainly showed Mike's day with the U.S. Army's 187th Ordnance Battalion at Fort Jackson, and included bloopers plus an "about me" segment of Mike's crew. At the end of the episode, Mike Rowe and Dave Barsky had a guitar/banjo duet and performed a song about the 100 dirty jobs. A 2-hour 150th job special aired in early December 2007, which combined footage of Rowe's 150th job (working on a yak and bison farm in Montana) with footage of a party held at a San Francisco junkyard where people featured in past Dirty Jobs segments were reunited with Rowe. In 2009, the show returned for a fifth season, with Rowe commenting in promotional spots, "After 200 dirty jobs, I'm back for more."

Submissions

Each episode ends with a segment, usually shot at a previous dirty job, where Rowe tells the viewers that the show's continued existence depends on viewer submissions of suggestions for additional dirty jobs, and instructs them to go to the show's website for details on how to submit ideas (this segment is, however, usually edited out of the Canadian broadcasts of the series on Discovery Channel Canada). Rowe has often noted on-screen and off-screen that without viewer contributions, the show would be lost; Rowe originally concocted a list of a dozen jobs that could be featured in the three episodes that served as the show's pilot, and within days after the first episode aired, viewers flooded Discovery Channel with e-mail and video featuring their own dirty jobs, a tradition that has kept the show going ever since. As Rowe explained to Craig Ferguson on an episode of The Late Late Show in July 2007 about his original cache of jobs for the pilots, "I haven't had an original idea since then".

Unaired segments

According to roadkill taxidermy artist Stephen Paternite, Dirty Jobs filmed a segment featuring him in 2003, which was ultimately cut by the Discovery Channel as "too gross". The segment follows Mike Rowe and Paternite as they gather and skin dead raccoons, which Paternite will eventually turn into art pieces. The segment is available to view on Paternite's website, and on YouTube, under the name "Too Gross for Discovery". In an interview on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson Rowe also mentioned that there were several segments which they have chosen not to air because they were too disturbing, including a "body farmer." Even aired segments can be heavily edited, such as the "skull cleaner" segment, the final aired version of which Mike has likened to "The Sound of Music with the songs edited out" because parts of it were deemed too graphic for television.

There is also an episode produced in 2006 wherein Rowe visited his doctor while producers Piligian and Eddie Barbini try two dirty jobs themselves. The episode, entitled "Mike's Day Off," was never aired in the United States for that season; it was only available as a DVD-exclusive episode (bundled with the episode "Skull Cleaner") and a downloadable episode in iTunes. The episode has been aired in some local Discovery Channel feeds such as those of Southeast Asia and Australia, as well as on Discovery Channel Canada before finally being aired in the United States on March 3, 2009.

Music

The show's theme song was originally Faith No More's "We Care A Lot" which features the lyrics, "Oh, it's a dirty job but someone's gotta do it". In the first half of 2007, it was replaced with a generic theme song due to rights issues; older episodes aired at the time had their introductions reedited. Mike Rowe has said "Bottom line, the rights to 'We Care a Lot' were either not renewed on time, or not properly acquired in the first place". Although the network has not issued any statement clarifying the situation, "We Care A Lot" returned as the show's theme song beginning with the June 26, 2007 episode and has been retained on subsequent DVD releases of earlier episodes.

Season 2 commercials for the show feature the song "Dirty White Boy" by Foreigner. Season 3 commercials feature Rowe sharing the stage with a pig positioned on a rounded white pedestal, with nondescript formal-sounding light instrumental music in the background.

Rowe often sings on-camera during the segments as part of a sardonic hat-tip to his days as an opera singer. During the candy making segment in episode 34 ("Fuel Tank Cleaner"), Rowe discovers that one of the candy makers makes a confection called "opera fudge" and ask if she sings opera during the making of opera fudge, then belts out an unidentified segment of an opera in Italian. During the cow pots segment of episode 47 ("Poo Pot Maker"), Rowe imitates the singing gondoliers of Venice while paddling around the liquid holding lagoon on the Freund farm: "'O Sole Mio/Don't know the words/I've paddled for hours/In ponds of turds..." In a 2007 episode set at Prince George's Stadium with Mike spending the day doing the "dirty jobs" associated with groundskeeping and dugout maintenance for the Bowie Baysox minor league baseball team in Bowie, Maryland, Mike ended the segment singing the National Anthem prior to the game and throwing out the first pitch.

When Mike reads the very last piece of viewer mail in the viewer's choice episode, he was asked if he could sing the Dirty Jobs Theme Song because his online bio says that he used to be an opera singer. So he explained that one night, as they sat on "Foley" Creek (actually "Folly" Creek, but he has a tendency to pronounce it incorrectly), after a night of oysters and drinking (likely during the Oyster Harvester segment of the shrimper episode), he, Juke Joint Johnny and Sam (likely Silky Sam) jotted down some lyrics and the "official, unofficial Dirty Jobs Theme Song" was born. This shortest version of the song clocked in at just under a minute in length, and it varies a bit from later versions, but it is fun in that it was less planned than the later ones.

At the end of the pipe organ specialist segment of the geoduck farmer episode, Mike Rowe sang what he called the Dirty Jobs Anthem. Rowe reprised this moment in the "Leather Tanner" episode from the third season on an antique piano at the tannery.

At the conclusion of a two-hour special edition commemorating Mike's 100th dirty job, he and field producer Dave Barsky faked a guitar/banjo duet, featuring an extended version of this anthem which ran a little over two minutes in length (Rowe actually sang all the parts while Rowe's friend Matt played all the instruments). The extended song differs slightly from the shorter versions which aired previously, and even the words that are similar vary somewhat. Mike performed the song again with slightly different lyrics on the 150th Job Extravaganza with the Burning Embers.

Promotion

Discovery Channel issued the following statement in its publicity of the program:

In the feisty Dirty Jobs, host and everyman Mike Rowe gets the grimy scoop on downright nasty occupations. The featured "foul play for pay" could be processing smelly seafood in a fish factory, collecting bat guano for prized fertilizer, combing creek bottoms for edible wildlife, or cleaning septic tanks to maintain a fresh-smelling environment.

Since Mike Rowe began appearing in Ford pick-up truck commercials in 2006, the show has made tongue-in-cheek references to these ads. In the "Billboard Installer" episode, Mike jokingly quipped that he wasn't sophisticated in the ways of the advertising business, while standing in front of a Ford advertisement mounted on the billboard he had just helped to erect. At the end of the "Bridge Painter" episode set at the Mackinac Bridge, the rough cuts behind the credits show Mike as a traffic flagman ad-libbing pithy greetings to each vehicle as it passes. The final vehicle in the clip is a large Ford pickup (possibly an F-350) towing a large trailer, to which Mike says "nice Ford." Over the end credits of the "Wild Goose Chase" episode, Mike comments that as a Ford spokesman, the show is contractually obligated to mention Ford at least once in each episode.

DVD releases

Discovery Channel has released 35 episodes on DVD and on iTunes.

DVD Name

# Ep

Release

Dirty Jobs Season 1 DVD Set

10

2006

Dirty Jobs Season 2 DVD Set

25

January 28, 2008

Dirty Jobs Season 3 DVD Set

23

2008

Dirty Jobs - Collection 1

9

September 4, 2007

Dirty Jobs - Collection 2

12

February 5, 2008

Dirty Jobs - Collection 3

12

2008

Dirty Jobs - Collection 4

13

2009

Dirty Jobs - Collection 5

17

2010

References

^ Deggans, Eric (2006-09-06). "Sure, it's a dirty job, but...". St. Petersburg Times. http://www.sptimes.com/2006/09/05/Artsandentertainment/Sure__it_s_a_dirty_jo.shtml. Retrieved 2007-03-19. 

^ "Mike Rowe on The Late Show with Craig Ferguson". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nctoBw1HTPI. Retrieved 2007-10-24. 

^ Paternite, Stephen. "Re: Too Gross for Discovery". http://www.spaternite.com/video/video.html. Retrieved 2007-06-12. 

^ Paternite, Stephen. "Paternite on YouTube". http://www.youtube.com/profile?user=wolfie611. Retrieved 2007-06-12. 

^ "A Mike Rowe Classic: Mike on Skull Cleaning". Discovery.com. http://dsc.discovery.com/fansites/dirtyjobs/features/skull-cleaning.html. Retrieved 2007-10-24. 

^ "TV Show Tracker list of Dirty Jobs episodes". TV Show Tracker. http://www.tvshowtracker.com/latest/title/Dirty+Jobs. Retrieved 2008-05-06. 

^ Rowe, Mike. "Re: New Theme SONG??????". http://community.discovery.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/3651971108/m/4601947578?r=2981996578#2981996578. Retrieved 2007-03-19. 

^ "Dirty Jobs: Viewer's Choice, Dirty Jobs Anthem". http://www.televizzle.org/2006/10/06/viewers_choice.php#dirty_jobs_anthem. Retrieved 2007-03-19. 

^ "Dirty Jobs: Geoduck Farmer, Dirty Jobs Anthem". http://www.televizzle.org/2006/08/14/geoduck_farmer.php#dirty_jobs_anthem. Retrieved 2007-03-19. 

^ Rowe, Mike. "Re: Musical Tribute in Episode 100". http://community.discovery.com/eve/forums/a/tpc/f/3651971108/m/8161976148?r=9211915248#9211915248. Retrieved 2007-03-19. 

^ "Dirty Jobs: 100th Dirty Job Special, Dirty Jobs Anthem". http://www.televizzle.org/2006/09/07/100th_dirty_job_special.php#dirty_jobs_anthem. Retrieved 2007-03-19. 

See also

The Worst Jobs in History - a UK series that debuted in 2004 with a similar premise to Dirty Jobs except host Tony Robinson experiences "dirty jobs" that were common in British society centuries ago.

External links

Discovery.com Dirty Jobs Website

Dirty Jobs at the Internet Movie Database

Dirty Jobs at TV.com

Pilgrim Films Dirty Jobs Website

Mike Rowe talks about Dirty Jobs at TED

Categories: American reality television series | Discovery Channel shows | Educational television series


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